Publicaciones

Archaeological studies in Kachchh, Gujarat, continue to rely on legacy data sets created before the widespread use of GPS and standardised spatial recording, yet the quality of these data sets for modern spatial analysis has been poorly evaluated. This research assesses the legacy records of Mature Harappan archaeological sites in Eastern Kachchh, which are marked by variable reporting of coordinates, repeated site names and unclear cultural attributions, and assesses the potential of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), integrated with colonial Survey of India toposheets, to inform the re-evaluation of archaeological legacy data. The study adopted a methodological approach of cleaning and cross-checking published legacy datasets, spatial analyses using historical maps, CORONA imagery, multispectral satellite data, digital elevation models, and multi-season field surveys aided by GPS recording to reidentify and validate reported sites. The findings reveal that legacy coordinates exhibit significant spatial uncertainty, with an average error of about 4 km and a range of 1 to 16 km, underscoring the need to critically assess legacy spatial datasets. Although remote sensing and GIS have limited potential for primary site detection in Kachchh due to geomorphological variability, they are useful for site boundary delineation, landscape change reconstruction and contextualisation of confirmed sites. The research suggests that archaeological interpretations are best supported by integrating critically evaluated legacy data, field verification, and geospatial analysis, with technological tools that complement field surveys.

Food-safety risk communication depends not only on whether consumers trust expert sources, but also on whether credible information reaches everyday communication environments. This study examines three linked gaps in food-safety risk communication among 402 urban, digitally reachable consumers in Ivory Coast using an online panel survey. Respondents rated the personal relevance of food risks, their perceived information sufficiency, their trust in eleven food-safety information sources, the frequency with which they consulted each source, their self-reported information exposure for eight food-safety hazards, and their concern about those hazards. Results reveal three connected gaps. First, a relevance–sufficiency gap was observed: respondents considered food-safety risks highly relevant, but felt less sufficiently informed about them. Second, a credibility–accessibility gap was identified: doctors were the most trusted source but ranked only sixth in consultation frequency, while scientists ranked third in trust but tenth in consultation frequency. Third, a concern–information exposure gap was found across all hazards: concern exceeded self-reported information exposure, especially for microplastics, contamination during transport or poor storage, genetically modified foods, and pesticides. These findings suggest that food-safety communication in Ivory Coast is constrained less by lack of concern than by the limited conversion of credibility into reach. Preventive food-control strategies should therefore convert expert credibility into communication reach by embedding trusted actors in the interpersonal, media, market, retail, and community channels through which consumers already navigate food risk.

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) regulate gene expression and genome stability by transferring a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to cytosine through a catalytic mechanism involving a conserved cysteine. Dysregulated DNA methylation contributes to cancer, chronic inflammation and persistent metabolic phenotypes, encouraging the development of non-nucleoside DNMT modulators. This narrative review examines whether electrophilic reactivity, particularly Michael acceptor chemistry, provides a plausible mechanistic framework for the reported DNMT-modulatory effects of structurally diverse natural compounds, evaluated across polyphenols, isothiocyanates, sesquiterpene lactones, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyketides and endogenous electrophilic lipids according to experimental level, distinguishing direct enzymatic inhibition from docking predictions, altered DNMT expression and broader cellular effects. The literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science and appraised with an explicit grading scheme that separates cell-free enzyme inhibition, proposed engagement of the catalytic cysteine, cellular changes in DNMT expression or methylation, and downstream biological effects. Curcumin and parthenolide provide notable precedents for catalytic-cysteine-directed hypotheses, whereas direct covalent engagement remains insufficiently demonstrated for most other candidates. The review also considers reversibility, electrophile selectivity, bioavailability and interactions with histone modifications, inflammatory signalling and the NAD+/sirtuin axis. Michael acceptor chemistry offers a useful hypothesis for prioritising natural DNMT modulators, but biochemical, structural and chemoproteomic validation is required before covalent DNMT inhibition can be regarded as a general mechanism or translated into therapeutic recommendations.

Dietary polyphenols are studied as potential adjuncts for type 2 diabetes (T2D), although many reviews still rely on an antioxidant framework that does not adequately reflect human exposure. This review organises the evidence around two metabolite waves, namely early postprandial phase-II conjugates produced by host enzymes within 0 to 4 h of a polyphenol-rich meal, and microbiome-derived catabolites including urolithins and γ-valerolactones that peak at 6 to 24 h. This biphasic interpretation is advanced as a hypothesis-generating framework rather than as an established explanation, and it offers a testable account of why polyphenol effects may be meal-contingent, metabotype-dependent and heterogeneous across clinical trials. Using randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2025, we review the human evidence for anthocyanins, catechins, stilbenes, cocoa flavanols and olive phenolics, with briefer coverage of isoflavones, curcuminoids and ellagitannins. Anthocyanins show the most consistent glycaemic signal, with a best available pooled estimate of about 0.3% for HbA1c (−0.31%, median exposure eight weeks) derived from trials that did not verify metabolite exposure, an effect that is modest and lies at the lower bound of what is generally regarded as clinically meaningful. Green tea catechins and high-phenolic extra-virgin olive oil are associated with comparable postprandial gains, whereas cocoa flavanols and resveratrol more reliably improve vascular and inflammatory intermediates than glycaemia itself. Most interventions were well tolerated at the nutritional doses tested. Polyphenols are better regarded as meal-timed dietary adjuncts to standard T2D care than as primary glycaemic agents.

Piscidins are cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that constitute a key component of the innate immune defense of teleost fish, yet the relationship between their genomic organization, structural properties, and functional specialization remains incompletely understood. In this study, six piscidin peptides from Epinephelus akaara, Seriola dumerili, Thunnus maccoyii, Argyrosomus regius, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Epinephelus coioides were characterized through an integrated sequence-to-function approach combining comparative genomics, structural modeling, physicochemical analysis, and in vitro validation, with the aim of identifying candidates with potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

All genes studied exhibited the conserved four-exon, three-intron architecture characteristic of teleost piscidins. Structural modeling and circular dichroism confirmed α-helical conformations under membrane-mimetic conditions, despite measurable differences in hydrophobicity, charge distribution, and predicted membrane insertion parameters. Antimicrobial assays revealed distinct functional profiles: Sd_FI25 and Epinecidin_1 displayed broad antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, whereas Dl_FI22 showed selective activity with reduced temporal persistence associated with lower peptide stability. Ea_FF25 exhibited comparatively weak antibacterial potency. Antibiofilm activity varied among peptides and did not uniformly parallel planktonic MIC values. Computational predictions further suggested antiviral and antitumoral potential for several sequences, extending their prospective relevance beyond classical antibacterial roles.

Conserved genomic architecture and α-helical structure coexist with pronounced functional diversification among teleost piscidins. These findings demonstrate that integrating structural prediction with experimental validation is an effective strategy for identifying fish-derived innate immune peptides as candidates for biomedical applications.

Pycnoporus sanguineus is a basidiomycete fungus widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and recognized for its intense red–orange pigmentation and pronounced ligninolytic activity. The lipid composition of this fungus remains poorly explored, and atypical sphingolipids have not previously been reported in this genus. In this study, we describe the isolation and structural characterization of pseudoceramide A, an atypical 1-deoxyceramide obtained from liquid cultures of P. sanguineus. A scaled-up fermentation was developed in combination with stable 13C isotope-labeling experiments to investigate its biosynthetic origin. The fungal biomass was harvested and subjected to chromatographic separation, yielding pseudoceramide A as a pure compound. Structural elucidation and absolute configuration determination were achieved using NMR spectroscopy. Comparative analysis of labeling experiments employing [1-13C] acetate and [2-13C] acetate revealed an alternating 13C incorporation pattern along the carbon backbone, supporting a singular biosynthetic pathway derived from dodecanoyl-CoA, octanoyl-CoA and alanine. These findings uncover a previously undescribed route for ceramide biosynthesis in fungi. The identification of pseudoceramide A represents the first report of a 1-deoxyceramide from the genus Pycnoporus and broadens current knowledge of fungal sphingolipid diversity. This newly characterized compound constitutes a promising target for future studies addressing its biological properties and potential biotechnological applications.

Background

Cellular redox regulation is increasingly recognised as a spatially organised network in which oxidant production, thiol buffering, and selective signalling operate within compartment-specific microdomains rather than as uniform cellular processes. However, peptide-mediated mechanisms that actively define these local redox environments have not previously been integrated into a unified conceptual framework.

Objective

This review introduces the concept of peptide redox networks, defined as peptide or protein systems whose local abundance, oxidation state, or proteolytic processing directly determines the amplitude, spatial confinement, or propagation of redox signalling within specific cellular microdomains. We evaluate the evidence supporting this framework and discuss its implications for mechanistic research and clinical translation.

Main Content

We synthesise current knowledge on glutathione, histidine-containing dipeptides, mitochondria-targeted peptides, and mitochondrial-derived peptides as complementary regulators of cellular redox homeostasis. Particular emphasis is placed on compartment-specific redox set points, NADPH-dependent buffering, ferroptosis vulnerability, mitochondrial quality control, and regulated thiol signalling. We further examine recent advances in redox proteomics, isotope tracing, and proteoform-aware analytical strategies, highlighting methodological challenges that influence data interpretation. Based on these considerations, we propose operational criteria for defining peptide redox network components, establish minimum reporting recommendations to improve reproducibility, and identify experimental approaches capable of distinguishing adaptive redox regulation from irreversible oxidative dysfunction.

Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity, with a particular strong impact on oceanic islands and their unique and fragile biotas. However, the complexity of the processes underlying invasions has prevented the identification of general patterns explaining why some plant species successfully establish and spread beyond their native ranges. Here, we investigate Darwin's naturalization conundrum in the most species-rich angiosperm family of the Canary Islands, considering two invasion stages at the archipelago and island levels.

Este estudio ofrece una visión integral sobre la organización social de Tulum durante el Posclásico tardío (1200-1550 dC), destacando cómo los alimentos actuaron como un medio central para negociar poder, estatus y cohesión social. Aunque las élites tenían acceso preferencial a bienes exclusivos, la estructura social heterárquica favoreció una distribución equitativa de recursos, promoviendo la cooperación entre los diferentes niveles de élites que fueron enterradas dentro de la ciudad amurallada de Tulum, sin un control absoluto de los medios de producción. La dieta, basada principalmente en el maíz y complementada con recursos marinos, provocó deficiencias nutricionales significativas, como anemia y enfermedades relacionadas con la falta de vitamina C y hierro. No obstante, estas afecciones no estuvieron ligadas a marcadas disparidades sociales, reflejando un sistema tendencialmente equitativo. Este modelo de organización social inclusiva y cooperativa permitió garantizar estabilidad y prosperidad, a pesar de las distinciones en el acceso a bienes simbólicos. En conjunto, los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de las relaciones sociales y económicas flexibles para mantener la cohesión y resiliencia en contextos de alta densidad poblacional y estrés ambiental.

In this work, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel organometallic bipyridine-based atropisomer featuring two (S)-BINOL-derived units, each functionalized with a ferrocene moiety and linked by a 4,4′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine bridge. Although the molecule appears symmetric, single-crystal X-ray diffraction establishes its axial chirality, as demonstrated by Flack x = −0.020(14) and Hooft x = 0.013(18) parameters. The bipyridine core, sterically hindered by the bulky ferrocenyl groups, imposes a rigid atropisomeric structure. To better understand this behavior, a new Cu(II) complex is presented to examine how peripheral substitution affects the accessibility and coordination capacity of the bipyridine core; these factors ultimately dictate the solid-state atropisomerism and rigidity of the resulting multinuclear architecture.